CyclodextrinsSome drugs are simply not very compatible with the human body. The chemical characteristics of these drugs with therapeutic potential are not ideal for actually delivering the substance to the target area. One way in which this is overcome is through the utilization of cyclodextrins. The research project I worked on this week focused on the use of cyclodextrins for drug delivery. As the human body is largely made up of water, cyclodextrins allow substances that are hydrophobic (having low water solubility) to be encapsulated in a carrier that is hydrophilic (with high water solubility) and is capable of dissolving. Cyclodextrins are made up of several simple sugars, monosaccharides, linked to form a cyclical polymer or oligosaccharide. The central cavity is hydrophobic (attracted to lipids or fats) and the outer surface is hydrophilic, as previously mentioned. Although cyclodextrins occur naturally, most of those used for drug delivery are chemically engineered with minor substitutions to increase their water solubility. Several different sizes of cyclodextrins are produced, with the specific cyclodextrin used for drug delivery partially dependent on the size of the drug that is being complexed within the center for administration. For instance, β-cyclodextrin, composed of 7 glucose units, is commonly used as a vehicle for hormones or vitamins due to its appropriate size parameters for these molecules. Since cyclodextrins are generated from starches linked through enzymatic reactions, they are non-toxic to humans and fairly stable within the body. The inclusion of a drug in the core of a cyclodextrin is predominantly a reversible process through dilution of the cyclodextrin-drug complex in aqueous media (water). The cyclodextrin is then subsequently removed from the body either through digestion by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract or it is excreted in the urine, primarily unchanged. In addition to improving the water solubility of a drug, cyclodextrins may also be employed for stability or palatability reasons. Not only are cyclodextrins being utilized in the pharmaceutical industry, but they also are being used for other purposes such as in food and cosmetics. Cyclodextrins have achieved status as a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) substance according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Sources/Additional Available Reading
Students MeetingThis week I also had the opportunity to attend the 7th iMed.ULisboa Postgraduate Students Meeting which took place at the faculty of University of Lisbon. It was a two-day conference on July 15th and 16th organized by the PhD student commission. On the first day, there were 15-20 minute presentations given throughout the day by various PhD students on the work they are performing in their specific department. Two poster sessions were held during the breaks between sessions for students that may not have had the chance to give a formal presentation to highlight and discuss their work. The second day was geared toward industry and regulatory topics with guest speakers sharing information about the opportunities available at pharmaceutical companies and the primary research topics currently under investigation. All of the presentations were given in English so it was easy for me to follow along and understand. You can see the flyer advertising the event as well as the schedule of speakers and their presentation titles below.
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AuthorCheck out the About Me tab for a brief self-biography of Valerie Nolt. Archives
August 2015
Categories"Travel makes one modest. You see what a tiny place you occupy in the world."
- Gustave Flaubert |